Logic — math, philosophy & computational aspects

Induction, any hope?

Given the truth of finitely many formulae Fa, Fb, Fc,… in a language
with names a, b, c,… for infinitely many different individuals; it
would be nice to infer that (for all x)Fx has non-zero probability.
Hume and Popper say one can’t, and I believe them.  

Nevertheless(!) can one define a language L like, but not necessarily
identical to, that of ordinary first order logic (though it must have
names for infinitely many individuals and some wff that are "singular"
and some that are "universal"); such that a probability P may be defined
on a sigma-algebra of sets of wff of L with this property:
For some universal wff U, there is a finite set S of singular wff, st
S does not logically imply U,
but P(U given S) = P({U} intersect S)/P(S) <> 0
?

I feel that I have not worded that very clearly.  My apologies if I
haven’t.  What I’m trying to ask (of course) is "Can finitely-many
singular statements ‘give’ a universal statement a non-zero
probability?"

PP

posted by admin in Uncategorized and have Comment (1)

One Response to “Induction, any hope?”

  1. admin says:

    In article <38BD9ED1.6B8A5…@cwcom.net>,
      Peter Percival <peter.perci…@cwcom.net> wrote:

    - Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -

    > Given the truth of finitely many formulae Fa, Fb, Fc,… in a language
    > with names a, b, c,… for infinitely many different individuals; it
    > would be nice to infer that (for all x)Fx has non-zero probability.
    > Hume and Popper say one can’t, and I believe them.

    > Nevertheless(!) can one define a language L like, but not necessarily
    > identical to, that of ordinary first order logic (though it must have
    > names for infinitely many individuals and some wff that are "singular"
    > and some that are "universal"); such that a probability P may be
    defined
    > on a sigma-algebra of sets of wff of L with this property:
    > For some universal wff U, there is a finite set S of singular wff, st
    > S does not logically imply U,
    > but P(U given S) = P({U} intersect S)/P(S) <> 0
    > ?

    > I feel that I have not worded that very clearly.  My apologies if I
    > haven’t.  What I’m trying to ask (of course) is "Can finitely-many
    > singular statements ‘give’ a universal statement a non-zero
    > probability?"

    > PP

         Yes, of course, given the context. The snowflake example comes to
    mind. It depends on the way the propositions are worded. You might want
    to read "Scientific Reasoning" by Howson and Urbach for a defense of
    Bayesianism. They get heavily into the probability. I think Popper is
    wrong (even though he is real big in my book) about meaning not being
    important in the philosophy of science. I think the Raven’s paradox
    supercedes the problem of induction. Of course, this thing didn’t come
    along ’till way after Hume’s death (another one in my hall of fame.)
    Give Quine a try. He’s great also. Him and Popper disagree with what you
    are driving at above, Keep up the good work, PP.

    Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
    Before you buy.

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